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, Hanna Koch Center for Health & Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH , A-3430 Tulln, Austria Corresponding author: Hanna Koch, HK: Hanna.Koch@ait.ac.at Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Angela Sessitsch Center for Health & Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH , A-3430 Tulln, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8550-9871 Journal of Experimental Botany, erae274, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erae274
Published:
20 June 2024
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Received:
15 September 2023
Published:
20 June 2024
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Hanna Koch, Angela Sessitsch, The microbial-driven nitrogen cycle and its relevance for plant nutrition, Journal of Experimental Botany, 2024;, erae274, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erae274
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Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a vital nutrient and an essential component of biological macromolecules, such as nucleic acids and proteins. Microorganisms represent major drivers of N-cycling processes in all ecosystems, including the soil and plant environment. The availability of N is a major growth limiting factor for plants and it is significantly affected by the plant microbiome. Plants and microorganisms form complex interaction networks resulting in molecular signaling, nutrient exchange and other distinct metabolic responses. In these networks, microbial partners influence growth and N use efficiency of plants either positively or negatively. Harnessing the beneficial effects of specific players within crop microbiomes is a promising strategy to counteract the emerging threats for human and planetary health due to the overuse of industrial N fertilizers. However, in addition to N-providing activities (e.g. the well-known symbiosis of legumes and Rhizobium bacteria), other plant-microorganism interactions must be considered to obtain a complete picture of how microbial driven N-transformations might affect plant nutrition. For this, we review recent insights into the tight interplay between plants and N-cycling microorganisms focusing on microbial N-transformation processes representing N sources and sinks that ultimately shape the plant N acquisition.
diazotrophy, interactions, microorganisms, nitrogen cycle, nitrogen use, plant microbiome
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